Part XII
Visible to Dark Matter Transformations
and
Accompanying Microwave Emissions
Summary
The
origin and physical nature of the “dark” matter is ascribed to an elliptical,
cosmic Equation of State; consequently, it is a rarefied matter form
which ordinarily does not interact with ordinary, visible hyperbolic state or compressional
matter. Here, we further explore dark matter and propose cosmic scale interactions
and transformations with our visible, hyperbolic, cosmic world, that can explain
gravitational ‘halos’. Microwave bond energy radiation to the cosmic microwave
background CMB from these gravitational halos is examined as well as cosmic
expansion. The possibility of laboratory-scale
transformations and tests emerges.
Contents
Summary
Introduction
Transformations
of Visible Matter into Dark Matter and Gravitational “Halos”
Transformational Energy Release in the
Microwwave Band
Visible to Dark Matter Transformations, Cosmic Microwave Background Changes and
Cosmic Expansion
References
Introduction
The
nature of the dark matter as a rarefaction material form which therefore does
not interact with our compressional, visible world’s material forms has been presented
earlier. [1]. This advance has been possible because of the introduction of
cosmic Equations of State from compressible flow theory into physical
cosmology.
We now further explore the situation by examining the mystery of the calculated, gravitational “dark" matter ‘haloes’ surrounding cosmic scale objects such
as galaxies [ 2]. We also explore the emissionof microwave
radiation in these visible-to-dark interactions, and address the possibility
of explaining some cosmic microwave background
fluctuations as a consequence of an increasingly large-scale cosmic, visible-to-dark
matter transformtion process.
Transformations of Visible Matter into
Dark Matter and Gravitational “Halos”
Until recently,
dark matter transformations or interactions with visible matter were considered
non-existent. Now, however, if our visible
world is described by a hyerbolic equation of state describing compressional
matter, while the dark world is seen as being
in the elliptical state ( Fig 1) with
rarefied or expanded (dark) matter, then
we can explain certain calculated gravitational “haloes “as being formed in a
long- sought- for dark matter interaction.
Gravitational “haloes” of dark matter
are observed/calculated gravitational force fields in and around some cosmc
entities such as galaxies. The gravitational “halos”are interpreted as being
caused by the presence of dark matter ‘s gravity, but there has been no direct physical evidence
for the interpretation ( 3, 4).
However, in our compressible flow
approach, condensed ordinary matter
flowing into a region of sufficiently
low pressure ( p* ) in the core of a galactic vortex could transform into rarefied dark
matter [ Fig 1], expanding in the
process, to form the rarefied/expanded structure of the dark matter
making up the gravitating “halo”. In the
expansion process which forms the rarefied dark matter, the moecular
bonds of the transforming visible
matter must rotate, releasing
microwave ( bond rotational) radiation.
It also seems
reasonable that this released microwave
radiation may relate to observed flucuations in the Cosmic Microwave
Background (which are also currently explained in a variety of other ways (3,
4).
The criterion for wave behavior is the curvature of the equation of state [d2p/dv2 ] on
the pv diagram.
P
Fig. 1. Hyperbolic and Elliptical Equations
of State with opposite curvature
1.
If the curvature is
positive [d2p/dv2 >
0] as in the hyperbolic, visible matter case, then the
compression waves are non-linear and steepen with time to form compression
shocks; rarefaction waves die out.
2.
If the curvature is
negative [d2p/dv2 ‹ 0], as in the elliptical dark matter case, then their rarefaction waves are non-linear
and steepen with time to form rarefaction shocks while compression waves die
out.
3.
The indicated
cosmic pressure p* refers to a Critical Tangent
State Pressure at which visible to dark
transformations may occur.
Transformational Energy Release in the Microwwave
Band
We are proposing a
visible to dark matter transformation process accompanied by a release of MW
radiation. Can we offer any theoretical justification for this energy release?
The energies that are involved in the proposed transformation are those
connected with changes in the form of the visible matter
undergoing the change. These energies would be related to structure, and therefore
to molecular bond rotations. In the present case of visible to dark matter transformation,
we envisage a rarefaction process bringing about an open, rarefied, dark matter structure by a molecular bond rearrangment of
visible matter, especially by molecular bond rotation. Since the
new dark matter is rarefied, its structural energy density in space has decreased and energy must therefore be
released; furthermore, the released energy is arguably in the microwave
radiation energy band which corresponds to molecular rotational bond energy.
. We may then also ask whether this microwave radiation released in ‘halo’ formation may
relate to observed fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background.
Visible to Dark Matter
Transformations, Cosmic Microwave
Background Changes and Cosmic Expansion
Astronomical
observations of Supernovae around 1998 were interpreted as showing
the universe to be undergoing an accelerated
expansion ( 4). In explanation, the concept of an all pervasive “dark
energy” exerting an expansion pressure was introduced. The amount of a
new hypothetical energy needed to explain the CMB effects was enormous, constituting some 69% of
the known universe, compared with only 4.9% for the visible universe and around 28% for the dark matter
It
sems possible that a cosmic scale transformation from World A matter to World B matter i.e. visible
matter transforming into dark matter with release of microwave radiation to the
CMB , may be relevant to this expansion and dark energy area of physical
cosmology.
At first,
soon after the Big Bang and subsequent inflation, when the overall pressure in
World A was still very much higher than p* , the
proposed transformation could only take place in especially strong astronomical
vortices where the local vortex central pressure might drop low enough
to reach the critical pressure p*. Such transformation vortices, if they exist,
would probably be found in the center of large-scale astronomical entities.
In other words, with an overall pressure
lowering due to cosmic expansion, at some time in cosmic history
the pressure in the
core of a celestial vortex could conceivably continue to drop locally to reach the cosmic pressure p* and
then a much more common local transformation from
our World A (visible) matter to World B (dark) matter could take place. In other words, the vortex central core
would become a local transformation sink in which the proposed transformation
of visible matter to dark matter could occur.
[Fig 2]. This transformation would be accompanied by an energy change,
namely the release of microwave radiation to the CMB.
Later on, in an expanding universe with continually
lowering overall cosmic pressure, the pressure gap to reach p* would
continually decrease and the proposed
visible-dark transformation would become more frequent and more widespread. In other words, expansion accelerates the transformation
which in turn accelerates the expansion. This feed back in transformation would
moreover appear likely to continue so long as there is visible matter to feed
the transformation process. This is
suggestive of some relationship to the observed accelerated expansion of the universe
apart from a local addition to the dark halo fluctuations.
Notes:
1.
There
is nothing in the theory to suggest any scale limitation. Therefore, if
the pressure in an intense laboratory vortex or jet flow could be lowered to
the cosmic critical pressure p* , it might be possible
to bring about laboratory -scale, visible to dark matter transformations for direct experimental verification of the
transformation proposal. Three experimental alerts to design for and quantify would
be: 1) Microwave radiation emission, 2) gravitational field rearrangement including,
of course, any halo effect, and 3) the disappearance of some potion of the
visible matter in the system as it transforms into the dark matter form.
2. At some future distant time, with continued hyperbolic state
cosmic expansion, the overall cosmic
hyperbolic pressure might reach p*, and then a general transformation
of World A into World B matter might conceivably take place.
References
1. www.energycompressibility.info Part XI: Interactions and Transformations
(Page posted
November, 2020).
2. www.energycompressibility.info Part VIII: Equations of State for
Cosmic Fields. Page posted October, 2017.
3. Navarro, Julio, F., Frenk,
Carlos, S., White, Simon, D.M. (May 1996). The Structure of Cold Dark Matter
Halos. The Astrophysical Journal, 462, 563-376
4. Worsley, Andrew (Oct. 2018) “Advances
in Black Hole
Physics and Dark Matter Modelling of the Galactic Halo”.
Copyright Bernard A. Power, April 2021